Author: TheConversation

Barriers that target working people and minority voters are a modern poll tax paid in time

By Joshua F.J. Inwood, Associate Professor of Geography Senior Research Associate in the Rock Ethics Institute, Pennsylvania State University; and Derek H. Alderman, Professor of Geography, University of Tennessee Delays and long lines at polling places during recent presidential primary elections represent the latest version of decades-long policies that have sought to reduce the political power of African Americans in the United States. Following the Civil War and the extension of the vote to African Americans, state governments worked to block black people, as well as poor whites, from voting. One way they tried to accomplish this goal was...

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How Ansel Adams used his creativity to harness the communicative power of photography

By Rebecca Senf, Chief Curator, Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona The bold style of black-and-white landscapes from the American wilderness are so iconic that most people know an Ansel Adams photograph when they see it. Yet they may be surprised to learn that Adams did not learn his craft by attending an elite art institution or by apprenticing with a master photographer. My new book, Making a Photographer: The Early Work of Ansel Adams, charts the early years of Adams, demonstrating how this self-taught expert learned from experience to identify his audience, hone his message and imbue...

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Study finds using county jails for ICE detention of immigrants perpetuates criminal perceptions

By Emily Ryo, Professor of Law and Sociology, University of Southern California, and Ian Peacock, Ph.D. Candidate in Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles Hundreds of county jails in the U.S. are paid by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to detain immigrants facing removal proceedings. On a typical day in 2017, for instance, Theo Lacy Facility in Orange, California, operated by the Orange County Sheriff’s Department, held about 500 individuals for ICE and received US$118 per person per day, bringing in a total of $59,000 a day. More so than federally operated facilities, county jails, along with facilities operated...

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Public health officials face challenges in distinguishing COVID-19 from seasonal influenza

By Tom Duszynski, Director Epidemiology Education, Indiana University The spread of the new coronavirus, which has infected over 80,000 people worldwide and resulted in the death of more than 3,000, has raised alarms around the world. At the same time, the seasonal influenza, known as the flu, causes severe illness in between 3 million and 5 million people, with hundreds of thousands of deaths every year worldwide. With so many fewer cases than the flu, what explains the dramatic response to COVID-19 and worry around the globe? And how would a person know whether seasonal influenza-like symptoms are COVID-19?...

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Plain old soap and water: Why hand-washing is still the best way to prevent illness

By Michelle Sconce Massaquoi, Doctoral Candidate in Microbiology, University of Oregon As the threat from the coronavirus grows, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other public health officials are stressing the importance of hand-washing. Prevention becomes essential to stopping the spread of the virus because there is no vaccine to prevent it and no anti-virals to treat it. How can such a simple, low-tech solution make a difference? Remember – coronavirus spreads easily by droplets from breathing, coughing and sneezing. As our hands touch many surfaces, they can pick up microbes, including viruses. Then by touching contaminated...

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From Ganges Delta to Wuhan: The stigma of naming diseases after their place of origin

By Mari Webel, Assistant Professor of History, University of Pittsburgh Stop calling the novel coronavirus outbreak the “Wuhan coronavirus,” and start getting comfortable with “COVID-19.” That is the World Health Organization’s recommended name for the disease. While identifying a new disease by its place of origin seems intuitive, history demonstrates that doing so can harm the people who live there. Consequences can include economic distress, as tourists withdraw, investment cools down and solidarities between people weaken. Linking a specific disease with a specific place can lead to discrimination and stigmatization and avoidance of a town or village. As a...

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